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Therefore, in order to assess if differences in biodiversity detected at local scales in previous studies could be scaled up to predict patterns at a wider scale, we studied taxa richness and taxonomic structure of intertidal communities across the Alboran Sea (western Mediterranean Sea). However, mitigating measures, such as new eco-designs, must cope with the high spatial variability of the region where they are applied. This is a global phenomenon and has led to the development of strategies in the framework of eco-engineering. These new substrates host generally less biodiversity mainly due to differences in complexity and composition. Intertidal ecosystems are key habitats that are being replaced by artificial hard substrates due to the increment of human activities in coastal areas. The findings about diameter of pools greatly simplify analyses of influences of depth and physical features of the surrounding habitat. Experimental pools were shown to be effective for testing hypotheses about proposed influences on the ecology of inhabitants. Diameter of pools thus had remarkably little influence on the organisms those effects found were consistent. This was true for different strata in pools and at mid- or low-shore positions on exposed or sheltered shores.
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Multivariate analyses revealed no influence of diameter on the structure of assemblages of organisms in pools of different diameter. These results require further investigation in relation to different theories to explain species-area relationships. There were, however, significantly fewer species per unit area of a given stratum in pools of 50 versus 30 versus 15 cm diameter.
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There were approximately 25–50% more species in the widest than the narrowest pools, consistently from season to season and year to year. There were also consistently more species in any stratum (i.e., depth in a pool) in the wider pools. An exception was foliose algae, the cover of which was generally greater low on the shore and in 50 cm than 30 cm diameter pools. Despite a 2–3-fold increase in surface-area of pools with increased diameter, there was no difference in densities of most taxa examined (gastropods, a starfish, sessile invertebrates, algae). The influence of diameter of the pool is examined here, using data from a total of 360 experimental pools.
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Replicate pools of each size were made in each of 24 randomly-chosen sites, six sites representing each combination of two heights (mid and low) on the shore and sheltered versus wave-exposed habitats. To solve this, experimental pools of different diameters (15, 30 and 50 cm) and depths (5, 15 and 30 cm) were drilled in sandstone rocky shores in Botany Bay, New South Wales, Australia. In studies of natural pools, these factors are confounded because pools are rarely comparable they differ in size, position on the shore and history of colonization. The shape, size, height on the shore and exposure to waves are considered important influences on the abundances of organisms. They contain diverse assemblages of invertebrates and algae. Rock pools represent patches or islands of habitat different from the surrounding shore.
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